Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), also known as erythroblastosis fetalis, is a rare immune-mediated blood disorder in which maternal antibodies attack and destroy fetal red blood cells (hemolysis). ABO blood type incompatibility and fetomaternal hemorrhage are the primary causes of HDFN.1 Rhesus factor incompatibility causes more severe clinical manifestations of HDFN than…
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is an immune-mediated blood disorder in which maternal antibodies target and destroy incompatible fetal or neonatal erythrocyte surface antigens inherited from the father. Fetal hemolytic anemia in HDFN may lead to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia that can progress to kernicterus, and in severe cases, fetal hemolytic anemia can result…
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a rare immune-mediated blood disorder caused by maternal red blood cell (RBC) or blood group antibodies crossing the placenta during pregnancy and attacking and destroying incompatible fetal or neonatal erythrocytes (hemolysis).1,2 HDFN is triggered by 2 primary mechanisms — ABO incompatibility and fetomaternal hemorrhage — both…
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a rare immune-mediated blood disorder in which maternal antibodies attack and destroy fetal or neonatal red blood cells (hemolysis). This may occur because of ABO blood type or Rhesus (Rh) factor incompatibility between mother and baby. HDFN can also develop as a consequence of fetomaternal hemorrhage,…
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), an immune-mediated blood disorder affecting fetuses and neonates, develops when the blood group types of mother and baby are incompatible. The most frequent types of incompatibility are due to ABO and rhesus (Rh) factor red cell antigens.1 HDFN is primarily characterized by 2 hallmark signs: anemia and…
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a rare blood disorder in which a sensitized mother’s immune system produces antibodies that attack and destroy red blood cells of the fetus or newborn.1 HDFN is most commonly caused by incompatibility of ABO blood type or Rhesus (Rh) factor mismatch between the mother and baby,…
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), also known as erythroblastosis fetalis, is an immune-mediated blood disorder affecting fetuses and neonates in which the mother’s immune system produces antibodies that attack and destroy fetal or neonatal red blood cells (hemolysis).1,2 The etiology of HDFN involves 2 factors: incompatibility of the mother’s and baby’s erythrocytes…
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a rare, immune-mediated blood disorder that affects babies both prenatally and postnatally. In this condition, a mother’s immune system produces antibodies that attack and destroy red blood cells of the fetus or newborn that are incompatible or of a different ABO blood group type or Rhesus…
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), also known as erythroblastosis fetalis, is a rare immune-mediated red blood cell (RBC) disorder in which a mismatch between mother and fetus causes maternal antibodies to attack fetal or newborn RBCs.1 This destruction of fetal or neonatal RBCs by maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies results in hemolysis,…
Huntington disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeats in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. This mutation results in the expression of a mutant form of huntingtin protein. The toxic protein accumulates in neurons, impairing their function and survival and subsequently causing motor abnormalities, cognitive impairments, psychiatric…
